History of Correction in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of Correction in America - Essay Example Another office of remedy known as Bridewell was developed in 1775 that was set in New York City Hall Park in spite of the fact that it's the autonomous war intruded on its development. New York State Legislature in 1788 instituted a law to build another revision office named Almshouse and named twelve officials to direct the development. The magistrates started the division of remedy in New York and they opened the main state jail in 1788 known as Greenwich State Prison. In 1817 another revision office known as Auburn was opened which extended in 1821 by opening another wing. In 1951, the organization for crazy lawbreakers was set up on the Auburn jail ground. This was a thought of a gathering of reformers that idea they would begin youngster savers by sending city kids to live with ranch families. Their thought achieved the foundation of the New York Juvenile Asylum. Almshouse Department was supplanted by New York City Department of Public Charities and Correction in 1851. The division assumed responsibility for the city's open government assistance and remedial foundations. Ludlow Street Jail otherwise called New York Country Jail was set up in 1862 and in 1863 another prison was worked in Manhattan known as New York City's Fourth District Prison. This turned into the 57th road prison that was a piece of a court complex. Another revision office named New York City's Seventh District Prison was set up along Manhattan city's west side in 1865. New York City was approved by the State Legislature to isolate the Department of Public Charity and Correction in 1873. This detachment realized the Public Charities Division and the Correction Division. Society for the anticipation of cold-bloodedness to kids was built up after the division and it disallowed the repression of kids at Almshouse. Elmira Reformatory was built up in 1876 and it put together its practices with respect to the change hypothesis instead of discipline hypothesis. 1 Louis D. Pilsbury was designated the main Superintendent of Prison and was doled out the completely control and duties of all state penitentiaries. Under Louis authority realized the foundation of the place of asylum for ladies and sanctioning of the correctional code that improved the youngsters' law. (Whitehead, Pollock and Braswell, 2003) Still under Louis authority as the managed of jail so the foundation of New York City's Fifth District Prison in 1885 which was a multi-layered structure that incorporated a forty twofold inhabitance and a residence that held fifty detainees. (Whitehead, Pollock and Braswell, 2003) Present day adjustment has changed the antiquated speculations of remedy and reformer thought of bringing great piece of the general public into the correctional facilities and penitentiaries. They have consolidated instruction, religion, work, and self-administration in they amendment as they are sure this would in the long run restore the detainees. This has achieved the foundation of instruction programs, jail businesses and professional projects in the detainment facilities. They have additionally been foundation of specific penitentiaries in the cutting edge remedy. The utilization of beating additionally reached a conclusion. There has been Prisoner's Rights Movement that gives the detainees privileges of the right to speak freely of discourse and religion

Free Essays on Paradise Lost

The book â€Å"Paradise Lost† is very befuddling to peruse, not just the language, (which I need a word reference to see), yet additionally the thoughts. I think Milton himself was very uncertain where he truly was going with that. From the primary view it created the impression that the entire book is essentially the re-recounting the Book of Genesis, just in beautiful refrain, however it isn't so. Be that as it may, for individuals who know about epic verse of such creators as Homer, we can see this is actually an incredible case of an epic sonnet, which is nothing unexpected since in his occasions, Greek verse was very popular and powerful. The main contrast is that Milton’s sonnet isn't generally expected to be perused as the sonnet of undertakings, incredible lords, and so on, however as the strict content. All things considered, Milton is a Puritan, living in sixteenth century and there is one course that he can take when composing. â€Å"Of Man’s first insubordination and the natural product Of that illegal tree†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I may declare Eternal Providence, What's more, legitimize the methods of God to men.† Obviously in each epic sonnet, there is a legend, and this one is the same, however who is the genuine saint in this book? Is it G-d, his Son, Satan, Adam, Eve or the Angels? I truly accept that the genuine legend is Satan, however obviously that isn't what was expected. Be that as it may, as each legend, he conflicts with the power, he has supporters who he energizes with extraordinary discourses, and he has a journey which he at last achieves. It is for the most part accepted that Angels have no through and through freedom, and that they are prearranged to be acceptable and can't go to underhanded. Obviously with the fall of Satan and his adherents we can see this isn't so. It is additionally accepted that G-d if all knowing, and he realized superbly well what will occur, which implies that whatever Satan or Adam and Eve did or didn’t do, the fall and outcast would of still happened. So basically, it is all G-d’s doing, and it is his shortcoming that we were removed f rom Eden, and afterward the... Free Essays on Paradise Lost Free Essays on Paradise Lost In Book’s IV and IX of John Milton’s epic sonnet Paradise Lost, I found the topics of submission, numbness and imbalance in different connections to be predominant all through the work. The philosophy that dutifulness is vital in specific connections is communicated persistently, both among man and lady and among man and god. Numbness is additionally admired and dutifulness without reflection, a type of obliviousness as I would like to think, is touted as proper conduct . The substandard part of lady according to the male of the species is additionally communicated all through the work similar to the possibility that then again â€Å"Beauty† has inconceivable force. These perspectives can absolutely be viewed as an impression of the occasions Milton lived in. I see a man obviously addressing power jobs, and maybe scrutinizing his own shrewdness in doing as such. I accept that one explanation Milton picked the setting of Paradise for his epic sonnet was on the grounds that it was a perfect spot to show the elements of the connection among man and his Lord, man and lady and great and insidiousness. Milton utilizes old style implications and all inclusive prime examples to communicate subjects of disparity between the genders, among parent and kid and among man and a celestial overlord. It is likewise the ideal spot to plot the power battle among Satan and God, here we see a fight here between divine creatures, among great and shrewdness in essence, certainly issues in their relationship. Book IV, obviously shows the assessment that compliance is commendable and â€Å"ignorance is bliss.† The primary couple obediently and verifiably obey God and because of this are upbeat and in adoration in the nursery of Eden. They are illegal just the product of the tree of information, proposing that some way or another an excessive amount of knowledge is a terrible thing, or that God wishes to keep the pair uncorrupt and himself in a position of intensity in the relationship. Since all things considered, passing accompanies information or potentially noncompliance. I locate a fascinating inference here to the reality ... Free Essays on Paradise Lost Milton’s Paradise Lost Milton’s Paradise Lost has been adulated since its version just like the best English epic ever, most incredibly in its creator's reasonable portrayal of the legendary guardians of mankind, Adam and Eve. How Milton decided to depict the first mother and father has been a focal point of much analysis particularly with contemporary perusers. One of the fundamental subjects of these remarks is concerning Eve, who, as per many, is an inconsequential character that is somewhat naã ¯ve, adolescent, and without a doubt sub-par compared to her mate. In any case, which many don't perceive is that, shockingly, after the portentous Fall, she turns into a considerably more developed character. At the point when Eve is acquainted with the storyline of the epic, her character is shallow and very lacking, implied essentially for show. She is immovably set as being mediocre compared to her mate as a female in a prevalently male world. Be that as it may, upon her choice to eat the apple from the Tree of Knowledge, her change is emotional and she is not, at this point the straightforward character truly ailing top to bottom of astuteness or information. Along these lines, as depicted by Milton, the Fall of the guardians of humankind is, truth be told, an instructive and creating process for Eve. Quickly upon the acquaintance of Eve with the epic she is obviously depicted as being marginally boneheaded and unsophisticated, and appears to just exist for the show of her magnificence and effortlessness. She is appeared as being alluring and amazingly excellent to view, as Milton frequently portrays her magnificence. As a matter of fact, the first occasion when that Eve sees Adam she escapes from him in dread, as he was not as delightful as the picture that she saw of herself in a pool of water. Truth be told, she was so charmed by the picture of herself that she would have remained had God not removed her to meet her mate: â€Å"Pleas’d it return’d as soon with noting looks/Of compassion and love, there I fixt/Mine eyes till now, and pin’d with vain... Free Essays on Paradise Lost The book â€Å"Paradise Lost† is very confounding to peruse, not just the language, (which I need a word reference to see), yet additionally the thoughts. I think Milton himself was very uncertain where he truly was going with that. From the main view it gave the idea that the entire book is fundamentally the re-recounting the Book of Genesis, just in wonderful stanza, however it isn't so. In any case, for individuals who know about epic verse of such creators as Homer, we can see this is actually an extraordinary case of an epic sonnet, which is nothing unexpected since in his occasions, Greek verse was very well known and persuasive. The main contrast is that Milton’s sonnet isn't generally planned to be perused as the sonnet of undertakings, extraordinary rulers, and so forth, however as the strict content. All things considered, Milton is a Puritan, living in sixteenth century and there is one course that he can take when composing. â€Å"Of Man’s first rebellion and the organic product Of that illegal tree†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I may declare Eternal Providence, What's more, legitimize the methods of God to men.† Obviously in each epic sonnet, there is a legend, and this one is the same, however who is the genuine saint in this book? Is it G-d, his Son, Satan, Adam, Eve or the Angels? I truly accept that the genuine legend is Satan, however obviously that isn't what was expected. In any case, as each saint, he conflicts with the power, he has supporters who he energizes with extraordinary talks, and he has a mission which he at last achieves. It is for the most part accepted that Angels have no through and through freedom, and that they are prearranged to be acceptable and can't go to underhanded. Obviously with the fall of Satan and his adherents we can see this isn't so. It is additionally accepted that G-d if all knowing, and he realized splendidly well what will occur, which implies that whatever Satan or Adam and Eve did or didn’t do, the fall and outcast would of still happened. So basically, it is all G-d’s doing, and it is his deficiency that we were ousted from Eden, an d afterward the... Free Essays on Paradise Lost Knolls 1 John Milton’s Paradise Lost is a work that endeavors, to some degree, to legitimize the methods of God to humankind. This is a colossal endeavor, in any event, for as gifted a specialist as Milton. In his endeavor to accomplish his objective, Milton makes the character of Satan with apparently extraordinary exactness and aptitude. His achievement in reviving the character of Satan might be his most noteworthy accomplishment in the epic. Some portion of the motivation behind why Milton’s task is so inauspicious is that the apparently indefinable swarms Paradise Lost. All through the epic, Milton is confronted with the test of portraying, however controlling ideas and characters, for example, God, Paradise, and Satan. These ideas are hard to work with due to their theoretical nature. The trouble emerges from the failure of any individual to grasp them experientially. Nobody can really comprehend what great or malice are in their most perfect structures. Nobody can depict the ideal spot with absolute precision in light of the fact that nobody has ever experienced what it is to live in such a spot. The best case of this includes the portrayal of Paradise all through Paradise Lost. In his portrayal, Milton utilizes his own understanding and comprehension to delineate a position of flawlessness. Would he be able to be precise, notwithstanding, while never encountering Paradise himself? In truth, he can't. Every individual peruser probably has their own concept of Paradise. Regardless of whether these thoughts harmonize with those of Milton, every one of them, including Milton’s, are deficient. In Milton’s case, one of the striking parts of Paradise is that Adam and Eve must both work to keep up the nursery: â€Å"With first methodology of light, we should be risen And at our wonderful work, to change Yon flow’ry arbors, there back streets green, Our stroll at no

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Television Adverts Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2396 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Advertising Essay Type Analytical essay Topics: Television Essay Did you like this example? In the age where media inhabits numerous conduits for the production of culture it is difficult to imagine culture without its mediated form, from television and comic books to fashion and postcards, culture is derived through a range of diverse vehicles. We experience our cultural life through media in various ways. Modern society is founded on universal law, enlightenment of reason and science is the solution to social problems, utopia is possible (except the poor will always be poor); Western-centric humanism will save the world; mass consumption means mass employment and modern society contained in the grand narrative of history. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Television Adverts Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order Progressive social transformation of the post-modern turn will take us on new adventures; resituating science, technology, society capitalism into a multi-perspective and multi-disciplinary framework. One attempt to account for the emergence of post-modern condition is the shift during the 20th century of the economic needs of capitalism from production to consumption. Reality is what we see fit by these various forms of seductive illusion. The prefix post clearly implies a break, a relation to a period that has happened before. In the case of post-modernism the previous period is undoubtedly modernism. Thus, postmodernism refers to a breakdown of the distinction between culture and society emergence of a social order in which the importance and power of the mass media and popular culture means that they govern and shape all forms of social relationships. For Lyotard, a key post-modernism theorist, the post-modern condition is neither a periodizing concept nor does it re fer to the institutional parameters of modernity and post-modernity. Rather it is: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the condition of knowledge in the most highly developed societies. I have decided to use the word post-modern to describe that conditionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (it) designates the state of our culture following the transformations which, since the end if nineteenth century, have altered the rules for science, literature, and the arts (Lyotard, 1991, pg xxiii) Lyotard refers to postmodernism as a loss of faith in meta-narratives, the big stories that have justified the rational, scientific, artistic and political world of the modern world. Rejection of all overarching and totalising thought; Marxism, liberalism, etc. that tell universal stories which organize and justify the everyday practices of a plurality of different stories (narratives); Science, which has developed importance since the Enlightenment, has assumed the status of a meta-narrative, organizing and validating other na rratives on the road to liberation. Lyotard says since Enlightenment status as a meta-narrative has waned. Science is no longer seen to be making progress on behalf of mankind. Its a breakdown in distinction between art and popular culture: there are no longer any agreed and definite criteria which serve to differentiate art from popular culture. For example, take Warhol Velvet Underground art becomes increasingly integrated into the economy both because it is used to encourage people to consume through the expanded role it plays in advertising, and because it becomes a commercial good in its own right. Popular cultural signs and media images increasingly dominate our sense of reality, and the way we define ourselves and the world around us. The world which tries to come to terms with a media-saturated society. Mass media was once thought of as holding up a mirror to, and reflecting society. Now, reality can only be defined as the surface reflections of this mirror. S ociety has become subsumed within mass media it is no longer a question of distortion of reality, since the term implies that there is a reality outside the surface simulations of the media, which can be distorted, and this is precisely what is at issue according to post-modern theory. Is the media creating reality? Linked to this is the notion that it is more difficult to distinguish the economy from popular culture. The realm of consumption is increasingly influenced by popular culture. For example, we watch more films because we have a VCR, then they reference and advertise products that we go and buy. Surface and style have become more important and evoke a kind of designer ideology. The obsession with being super-model thin, fad-diets, use of sexuality, football, designer clothing, and many more simulations that work as a network in exchange order with each other to create reality narrative for post-modern consumer. The argument is we increasingly consume images and s igns for their own sake rather than for their usefulness or for the deeper values they may symbolise. The very values that modernists used to talk about. In the production-era machines had to be built and updated, basic materials like iron and steel made, infrastructures such as roads, rail, communication had to be laid down, the work force had to be taught the work ethic: Taylorisation and Fordism. Once this was established, the need for consumption emerges. And people need to acquire a consumer ethic. The need to consume becomes equal to the need to produce. Increased affluence combined with consumer credit, advertising, marketing and design. Culture celebrates consumerism and style, therefore the media becomes more important. New occupations or changed role of older ones involved in need to make people consume: advertisers, marketing, design, journalism, television, finance, etc. Consuming images In his essays, Stuart Hall has conceptualized the production and consumption of the television message as a complex social construction of meaning within the semiotic framework. His theory of encoding/decoding is very important in the discourse of consumption of advertising in TV. The polysemic images have been encoded in a particular way and the process of decoding is not symmetrical. Looking back at the work of Barthes we understand that advertising texts are polysemic and at the connotative level of signification signs possess fluidity which enables them to be articulated in multiple ways (Barthes, 1973, pg 122). Eco argues that the viewers determination to decode the message in aberrant ways are to be found in the readers general framework of cultural references such as his ideological, ethical religious standpoint, value systems, etc, (Eco, 1998, 141). Following the same path of consumption and ideology, Baudrillard follows Althuesser in arguing that the subject is con stituted through social classifications and ideological processes. Ideology converts humans into subjects. Ideology lets us mistakenly recognize ourselves as autonomous self-determining agents, whereas in fact we are subjects formed through a social physic processes. Ideology therefore is not the mirrored inversion of the real but our imaginary or symbolic to our shared conditions of existence. Watching the latest Levi jeans advertisement we are addressed as individual consumers with our own unique passion and desires. The ideological effect of the ad lies in its ability to interpellate us in this way. Althusser complicates Marx beautifully by not accepting the concept of ideology as false consciousness. It is material practice produced by ideological state apparatuses. It makes us think are sovereign consumers rather than a member of social class. (Stevenson, 2002,150) In the age of postmodernism where the product is a sign instead of a commodity, as Baudrillard argues, th e way in which adverts are consumed by television viewers depend on the very same framework Eco talks about. Jean Baudrillards essay The Ecstasy of Communication evokes TV and its technologies as a metaphor for the regime of simulation in the contemporary western culture. A TV screen cannot be thought simply as an object to be looked at, with all the old forms of psychic projection and investment; instead, the screen intersects responsively with our desires and representation and becomes an embodied from of our psychic worlds. What happens on the screen is neither on the screen nor in us, but in some complex, virtual space between the two. Marshall McCluhans notion that the medium is the message is clearly related to consumption theory. McCluhan argues that television influences viewers thinking processes and leads to alienation and individualism. But McCluhan sees this not as the result of television content but rather caused by the sensory nature of the medium itself. It is the form of the medium, according to McCluhan, and not its content that influence viewers (Mcluhan, 2002, pg7). TV advertising is a representative part of the arena where the post-modern scene of simulation takes on the relationship between the product and consumer. Baudrillard has contributed significantly towards the theory of consumption. He abandoned Marxist analysis after his book called the Symbolic Exchange and Death (1976). He argues that through a more explicitly post-industrial analysis the real relations of production and consumption have been replaced by a sign system. According to Baudrillard the arrival of consumer society requires a radical reconstruction of critical theory. Baudrillard argues that before goods (objects) can be consumed they must become signs (Baudrillard, 1988, pg 23). The meaning of the objects is established through the organisation of signs into codes. It is only through these codes that people realise their sense of self and their nee ds. The codes themselves are hierarchically ordered, being used to signify distinction of statue and prestige. As Baudrillard argues a need is not for a particular object as much as it is a need for difference (the desire for social meaning) only then we will understand that satisfaction can never be fulfilled, and consequently that there can never be a definition of needs. A subject whose needs are fixed by human nature does not consume the object. Social goods are consumed not to satisfy pre-existing needs but to signify social distinctions. We have become completely absorbed by adverts, images and simulation. Baudrillard would call this simulation as an ecstasy of the real. In Baudrillards hyper-reality and simulacra terms, the storied images of Nike sports heroes are more real than the reality of Third World workers to millions of consumers. However this consuming condition is an obsession and the product of late capitalism in Western societies. Digitally created commercials Faking the real When we examine television advertising we once again find art and technology being used to create simulations that tell stories in an effort to evoke desired reactions from audiences. But in advertising we see a strange new cultural creation: the 20-second cinematic production full of dancing, singing and joke-telling characters playing physicians, housewives, and used car salesmen, with ultra-abbreviated plots and quick resolutions of conflict in which the characters overcome obstacles and fulfil their desires in record time with the help of the product. Unlike movies, which will evoke the wrath of the audience if the unfolding of the story is interrupted, in commercials there is virtually no story to interrupt. The entire commercial is a dynamic, graphic, field composed of images, music, theatrical performances, superimposed illustrations, narration, and other elements, which reinforce each other to achieve their effect. Commercials also include another kind of simulatio n in the form of digitally manipulated images that are used to portray another realm of fantasy in which the limits imposed by the physical world no longer seem to be in effect. As a result, they are full of talking dogs, giant sized children, products that zoom into space, dancing credit cards and scenes that suddenly become two-dimensional which spin out of existence, creating a virtual world that surpasses anything produced by Imax or Nintendo. Commercials take these elements visual fantasy, deceptive images of the products, and false claims and weave them into their various approaches. There are, perhaps, a handful of approaches that they rely on and put together in different ways, just as theme parks, video games, television and news fall into a few basic categories. The product, no longer able to offer satisfaction on its own ground (a potato chip is a chip is a chip), instead offers the consumer a chance to be part of a certain crowd or scene. They belong to a c ool product tribe, revelling in the image and sensibility that the product somehow mystically confers the fetishism of commodities. More and more people are being sold style, image, and celebrity, since there is no substance or material satisfaction to the product-in-itself. Concealed within the jump-cut flash of post-modern advertising is a simple code: consumption is a mode of transcendence, a way to take part in something larger than yourself, the Pepsi Generation. Today, ads are filled with a strange sort of rugged selfishness, misanthropy, and mean-spirit people (touch my Doritos and die.) A person is told sternly to buy as much as they can of the product but never to share with friends. Get your own, theyre told. Latest ads on TV have that narrative that goes on and on and takes the form of a mini soap or a series of short cinematic films. The product is like a movie star. The product has taken the stand of the character in the commercial. It has become another simulati on for audiences. Small Nokia phones that are given a character play a different role in each different Nokia commercial. Digital technology has given designers the ability to make real characters and models that we see in everyday TV. The big entities spend millions of pounds in one 60 second commercial. The commercial has the production company behind it; director, actors and the whole set that would normally be used in film production. Many television commercials thus give us another variation on Umberto Ecos absolute fakes; they are false promises that make everything seem better than it is. Like theme parks, they make mundane realities look like transcendent utopias. All cultures place people inside invented worlds, so that in itself, isnt what is new about all this. The human world is by nature full of fictionalization and metaphor and drenched in stories and metaphysical assumptions, much of it contrived by conscious and unconscious design to support the claims of those in power. But never before has a culture been scientifically invented in this way, using the tools of rationalization including marketing studies and computers to sell products and a way of life. These tools of rationality extract the essence of our own irrationality our fantasies, imbued with fears and desires and give them back to us in the form of their invented worlds. Real experiences and things have been replaced with simulacra copies without an original. Due to the power of mass media advertising, our relationship to the signifier has changed. Now it hides the absence of a signified: conceals the inability to deliver real satisfaction by cleverly simulating it. Part of our hyper-real lives is the fact that our simulations are more real than real.

Definition and Examples of Spin in Propaganda

Spin is a contemporary term for a form of propaganda that relies on deceptive methods of persuasion. In politics, business, and elsewhere, spin is often characterized by exaggeration, euphemisms, inaccuracies, half-truths, and excessively emotional appeals. A person who composes and/or communicates spin is referred to as a spin doctor. Examples and Observations I would define spin as the shaping of events to make you look better than anybody else. I think it is . . . an art form now and it gets in the way of the truth.  Ã‚  (Benjamin Bradlee, executive editor of The Washington Post, quoted by Woody Klein in All the Presidents Spokesmen: Spinning the News, White House Press From Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush. Praeger Publishers, 2008) Manipulating Meaning Often associated with newspapers and politicians, to use spin is to manipulate meaning, to twist truth for particular ends--usually with the aim of persuading readers or listeners that things are other than they are. As in idioms such as to put a ‘positive spin on something’--or a ‘negative spin on something’--one line of meaning is concealed, while another--at least intentionally--takes its place. Spin is language which, for whatever reason, has designs on us...As the Oxford English Dictionary confirms, this sense of spin emerges only in the later 1970s, originally in the context of American politics.   (Lynda Mugglestone, A Journey Through Spin. OxfordWords Blog, September 12, 2011) Deception We live in a world of spin. It flies at us in the form of misleading commercials for products and political candidates and about public policy matters. It comes from businesses, political leaders, lobbying groups and political parties. Millions are deceived every day†¦all because of spin. ‘Spin’ is the polite word for deception. Spinners mislead by means that range from subtle omission to outright lies. Spin paints a false picture of reality, by bending facts, mischaracterizing the words of others, ignoring or denying evidence, or just spinning a yarn--by making things up.  (Brooks Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, unSpun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation. Random House, 2007) Spin and Rhetoric The implicit sense of immorality attached to spin and rhetoric leads lawmakers and candidates to use these words to undermine the sincerity of the opposition. As then House Leader Dennis Hastert declared in a 2005 debate over the estate/death tax, You see, no matter what kind of spin our friends on the other side of the aisle try to use, the death tax simply isnt fair...All of this points to an atmosphere of moral ambivalence that surrounds the modern practice of spin and rhetoric. At the level of principle, rhetorical speech is most often seen as disingenuous, inauthentic, and even morally dangerous. Yet at the level of practice, it is often accepted as an inevitable and necessary part of competitive party politics.   (Nathaniel J. Klemp, The Morality of Spin: Virtue and Vice in Political Rhetoric and the Christian Right. Rowman Littlefield, 2012) Managing the News [One] way the government manages the news is by inserting into newscasts prepackaged reports that get their message out or put a positive spin on the news. (Note that the power of government to censor is much greater in many other countries than in the United States and in some other industrial democracies.)  (Nancy Cavender and Howard Kahane, Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric: The Use of Reason in Everyday Life, 11th ed. Wadsworth, 2010) Spin vs. Debate Democrats have been known to conduct their fair share of spin. During the presidential election campaign season of 2004, some liberal Democrats indulged in inflammatory and unsubstantiated attacks on the right by comparing the Bush administration to Nazi Germany, associating the Republican Party with a racist fringe candidate, and alleging--without evidence--that Bush advisor Karl Rove was the mastermind behind the attacks on John Kerrys war record. These occurrences of manipulative rhetoric [led] one commentator on political spin to conclude that, in the heat of the campaign, reasonable debate is again falling by the wayside.  (Bruce C. Jansson, Becoming an Effective Policy Advocate: From Policy Practice to Social Justice, 6th ed. Brooks/Cole, 2011) Spin Doctors [In a 1998 interview that Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott] gave to the Independent, . . . he said we need to get away from rhetoric and back on to the substance of government. That statement apparently constituted the basis for the Independents headline: Prescott bins the spin for real policies. The spin is an allusion to New Labours spin-doctors, the people responsible for the media presentation of the Government and for putting a media spin (or angle) on its policies and activities.  (Norm Fairclough, New Labour, New Language? Routledge, 2000) Etymology From Old English spinnan, draw, stretch, spin

Case Study Principles of management Free Essays

-by – Giriraj. C. Iyer. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study Principles of management or any similar topic only for you Order Now FY BMS-A. Roll No:49. Principles of management – case study The problem: The story tells us about a nurse, named Diane who has more than one head or supervisor the dilemma she goes through in satisfying all her seniors. The problem in her own words is â€Å"I am not able to get the work done. † And that she has three different bosses each with different demands priorities. The history: Diane the nurse has given a resignation letter to the administrative director of her hospital. This letter has been given by her stating the reason that she has not been able to get her job done. She explains, referring to one of the days a work, that she walks into her office at 7. 45 a. m. she finds a message on her desk from the hospitals head nurse asking her to give the hospitals bed occupation by 10. 00 a. m. that morning as she has to present it to the hospital board that afternoon. After some time she finds her immediate supervisor Jeanine walking into her office enquiring to her about two nurses who were not on duty on the floor that day. On explaining to Jeanine the shortcomings that Dr. Reynolds (the surgery dept. head) had due to overload in the dept. had taken the two nurses off the floor, Jeanine asks Diane to get things sorted out immediately ensure within an hour that both the nurse are back on duty at their floors. Frustrated with this harassment she decides to resign. Analysis: It is said that ‘too many cooks spoil the broth. ’ In this case the same kind of situation emerges there are too many bosses or supervisors for a given nurse in the hospital. But also in these times of competition it is normal to expect these kinds of situations, as the times pass by the world is getting more more competitive. Analysis thru different perspectives: (assumptions) Diane’s perspective: Diane believes that the hospital is not being monitored properly she feels that the seniors in the hospital exploit her a bit too much she feels frustrated wants to leave the hospital. She is not able to handle the pressure of her work. According to her three different bosses have given her three different jobs, which is impossible to complete at the same time. Each boss of hers also expects her to complete her given job without any discrepancies and on time so that it becomes convenient for them and they don’t face any problems. Dr. Davis’s possible reply: Dr. Davis is the administrative director of the general hospital, he must be facing solving many problems like this in his day to day work process. Dr. Davis may reply that; â€Å"dear Diane these are competitive times, many hospitals similar to ours also face these kinds of problems, that is of course no excuse to let it happen to you, but I conceive that you are a sensible and courageous worker, only the times were such that you had to come to this unwarranted approach. The possible solutionts that I might suggest are: 1) speak personally to your seniors and try to make them aware of the fact that you are being inconvenienced 2) Cater only to the needs that you feel have to be done first try explaining to your seniors that why u chose that alternative and what others were available. I am sure that your seniors will give your word weightage and understand your problem, running away from your troubles is no solution, you’ve got to learn to solve them. † Recommendations: the problem here is that the hospital has a organizational system that itself promotes there being more than one head for a given person or subordinate,this adds to the confusion and needs to be changed for the better. How to cite Case Study Principles of management, Free Case study samples

Shakespeares Presentation of Isabella in Act 5 of the Play Essay Example For Students

Shakespeares Presentation of Isabella in Act 5 of the Play Essay Isabella is one of the most important characters in Measure for Measure, along with Angelo and the Duke. Before Act 5 we have a good idea as to her character, we know that she remains by her principles and is not easily influenced by people, even close family. She wanted the rules at the convent to be stricter, which shows her very apparent free will, and determination to do things right. She has already stood up to Angelo when he propositioned her to sleep with him in return for Claudios life, and when she relayed this information to Claudio she stood up to even him. All of this shows us just how much Isabella values her morals and religion, she is being extremely intransigent. At the beginning of Act 5 Isabella is to participate in the plan put forth by the Duke, she is not to accuse Angelo and if the Duke acts harshly to her then it is all part of the plan. She is not very pleased at this, in Act 4, Scene 6 she says To speak so indirectly I am so loth, this basically means that she hates the idea of not accusing Angelo in person. I would say that she play a very major part in the Act, most main characters do in fact, except maybe Claudio who says nothing. She exposes Angelo for the murder, liar and adulterer that he is, and when no one believes her she speaks very passionately about how he broke his bargain. She then, near the end of the Act begs the Duke to spare Angelos life for the sake of Isabella; this is indeed a test of just how strong her convictions are. She takes part in the fist and one of the most important sections of the Act, when she exposes Angelo and is then called mad by the Duke. In her fist speech she claims that she seeks justice for the crimes committed to her, she really emphasises this point by repetition, given me justice! Justice! Justice! Justice! this shows her desperation to see justice carried out. When the Duke tells her to reveal this scandal to Angelo she is shocked and appalled, You bid me seek redemption of the devil. Obviously saying that to tell Angelo the news would be like confessing to the Devil, which is altogether wrong. Angelo then tries to say that she is mad, she lists all of his crimes and playing along with the plan, the Duke sends her away. Despite the Duke apparently not believing her she continues with her convincing speech, saying may Angelo, in all his dressings, caracts, titles, forms, be an arch-villain. This does indeed interest the Duke, as he says that if she is indeed mad then she seems to be making sense. She continues in this manner until finally the Duke gets irritated and arrests her for making false accusations. Throughout this whole conversation Isabella kept her composure, and kept up a structured and legitimate argument, even against the Duke who is the leader of her city. The Duke having her arrested must have been quite a blow to Isabellas self esteem, as she thought he would be the perfect person to help her. Isabella does not appear again until after the Duke has been de-robed, she asks for his pardon as she says she has employed and pained your unknown sovereignty he pardons her. The Duke then asks her to pardon him for not revealing himself sooner and saving her brothers life, he claims that it was the swift celerity of his death , which I did think with slower foot came on Isabella then pardons him, though why I do not know, she should surely be disappointed at him for letting Claudio die. .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 , .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 .postImageUrl , .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 , .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4:hover , .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4:visited , .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4:active { border:0!important; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4:active , .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4 .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub864b3a7fe86757dc4c87cd8b60c8cb4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Othello Shakespeare EssayHowever it is apparent that people (except Lucio) hold a lot of respect for the Duke in Measure for Measure, so she might have to forgive him out of respect and compliance with him as an authority figure. The next event is one that I feel is key in determining Isabellas true character. This shows just how far she will go to stand by her faith and morals, despite what has previously happened. The Duke has sentenced Angelo to death for killing Claudio, Mariana pleads with the Duke not to do it but he says that it is necessary to avenge Claudios death. Mariana pleads with Isabella to support her, sweet Isabel, take my part; lend me your knees and all my life to come, Ill lend you all my life to do you service. And if she does so then she will be forever in her debt. Isabella here does something that I doubt many people would do, she kneels next to Mariana and pleads for Angelos life. At this point in the play she does not know that Claudio is alive, yet she still begs for mercy on behalf of Angelo. Her argument says that although Angelo thought he had committed a crime he actually had not, and it is ultimately Claudio that is the guilty party. I would imagine that this is very hard for Isabella; after all of the things she has gone through with Angelo, to now forgive him and save his life, this shows great strength of character. Isabella is left at the end of Measure for Measure with a life changing decision to make; does she marry the Duke or go to life in the convent as originally planned? I am not sure what her decision would be. Based on the events of the play, she is seen as being very set in her ways and unmovable, so on that basis she would probably go to the convent. However in that time (1600s) it was really the womans goal in life to land herself a good husband, therefore on that basis she would marry the Duke. The audiences view of Isabella I think will be constantly changing throughout the play. At the start they may think she is far too set in her ways and is a bit cold-hearted, to let her brother die for the sake of her virginity. But in Act 5 I think that we see another side of her morality that is more human, she goes against her true feelings for a man (Angelo) to help another woman (Mariana). I think that the audience would respect her for that noble deed. She would also be felt sympathy for, as she is being messed around by the Duke a great deal. The way he pretends that Claudio is dead and how he couldnt do anything about it should make her extremely resentful towards her, and the audience feel exceedingly sorry for her. Overall I think that Shakespeare has portrayed Isabella as a very strong female character in a male dominated play, she is the only woman to really have her own say and individuality. Mariana is only interested in getting her husband back; Mistress Overdone is hardly a good, strong, upright member of the community. Isabella may even be the most just and un-corrupt character in Measure for Measure. Because while most of the other main characters have major flaws or ulterior motives, she seems to wear her thoughts on her sleeve so to speak. Even though Measure for Measure is a comedy, it is apparent that it was one of the later plays (first performed in 1604), because of the mature themes dealt with like power, corruption and justice. .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a , .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a .postImageUrl , .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a , .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a:hover , .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a:visited , .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a:active { border:0!important; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a:active , .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5ca818f0070911bfc801bccb974ae80a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "To his Coy Mistress", By Andrew Marvell, "Sonnet", By Elizabeth Barrett Browning and "Sonnet 138", By William Shakespeare EssayI think that Shakespeare put Isabella in the play to create a balance between the characters, she gives some much needed morality and common sense to a lot of the play. The audience can relate to Isabella in such a way that they initially feel some anger at her intransigence, but they inevitably later on are sympathetic of her position. At the start of the play I did not take to Isabella much, but now I believe that she is the most interesting character and defiantly my favourite in Measure for Measure.